Scars
Introduction
When epidermis becomes damaged, the body makes collagen fibres to restore the tissue. A scar is produced when the collagen fibres build a new network of tissue that is distinct from the epidermis around it. Depending on the nature and location of the injury, the person’s age and skin type, and the healing process, scars can differ in shape, size, and texture. Among the more typical scar forms are:
- Hypertrophic scars
- Keloid scars.
- Atrophic scars
- Contracture scars
Pathophysiology
As a consequence of the body’s normal wound healing process, scars are created. The body reacts to a skin injury by starting a series of processes that work to repair the damaged tissue and return the skin’s usual structure and function. Three overlapping stages make up the wound healing process:
- Inflammatory phase: This stage starts as soon as the damage occurs and lasts for a few days.
- Proliferative phase: Beginning a few days after the damage and lasting for a few weeks.
- Remodeling period: After the injury, this phase may last for several months or even years. The severity and location of the injury are two factors that may have an impact on the development of scars.
Signs and Symptoms
The symptoms of scars can vary depending on the location and severity of the scar. Common symptoms include:
- Modifications in skin texture: Scars can alter the softness or roughness of the skin.
- Alterations in skin tone: Scars may be lighter or darker than the adjacent flesh.
- Scratching: Scratches can itch, which may indicate that a scar is mending.
- Pain or tenderness: Scars can hurt or be tender, particularly if they are in a sensitive region or are still healing.
- Tightness or stiffness: Scars can tighten or stiffen the tissue around them, which can limit motion or movement.
- Emotional distress: Scars may cause emotional distress, especially if they are large or disfiguring, visible, or situated in a visible area.
It’s important to remember that some scars may only be visible as a visual abnormality on the skin and may not even produce any symptoms.
How do Dermatologists treat Scars?
Dermatologists can use a variety of treatment options to improve the appearance and texture of scars. The most common treatments for scars include:
- Topical creams and gels: To help lessen the look of scars, dermatologists may recommend topical creams or gels that contain ingredients like silicone, corticosteroids, or retinoids.
- Injections: To help minimise the size and visual impact of elevated or hypertrophic scars, dermatologists may administer injectable medications like corticosteroids.
- Laser therapy: Keloids and acne scars are two kinds of scars that can be treated with laser therapy. The skin’s general texture and appearance can be improved and collagen production can be boosted with the aid of a laser.
- Chemical peels: A chemical solution is applied to the skin during a chemical peel, which can help clean the skin’s top layer and lessen the visibility of scars.
- Microdermabrasion: This non-invasive treatment removes the top layer of skin using a specialised tool, which helps to improve the texture and appearance of scars.
- Surgery: In some circumstances, it may be essential to have a scar removed or modified. To make scars look less noticeable, dermatologists can conduct surgical procedures like scar excision, punch grafting, or Z-plasty.
