Dandruff
Introduction
The skin on the scalp flakes and sheds as a result of the prevalent scalp condition known as dandruff. Although it is not a serious disease, those who have it report that it can be uncomfortable and embarrassing. People of all racial and gender identities can get dandruff at any age. It can itch and irritate the skin and cause white or yellowish flakes to form on the shoulders, hair, and head. In some instances, dandruff can also cause the scalp to become inflamed and red. Although the precise cause of dandruff is unknown, it is believed to be linked to a number of variables, including yeast overgrowth on the scalp, hormonal imbalances, stress, and some skin conditions like eczema or psoriasis.
Pathophysiology
Although the precise pathophysiology of dandruff is unclear, it is thought to involve a complex interplay of a number of factors. A yeast-like fungus called Malassezia that has overgrown on the scalp is believed to be the root of dandruff. A normal component of the skin’s flora is malassezia.Stress can weaken the immune system and cause Malassezia to overgrow. Additionally, some skin conditions, like eczema and psoriasis, can inflame the head and raise the possibility of developing dandruff. The shedding of skin cells, which manifest as whitish or yellowish flakes on the head, can be caused by an overgrowth of Malassezia. Additionally, the shedding of skin cells can itch and irritate the head.
Signs and Symptoms
The main sign of dandruff is the exfoliation of the scalp’s skin cells, which manifest as white or yellowish particles on the shoulders, hair, and scalp. Additionally typical signs of dandruff include:
- Itching: Dandruff can make the scalp itch, which can be upsetting and unpleasant.
- Head redness: Dandruff occasionally results in a red, inflamed head.
- Dryness: Dandruff can make the hair dry and flaky, which can aggravate the condition further.
- Oily scalp: Dandruff occasionally makes the scalp overly oily, which can give the particles a greasy appearance.
- Sensitive scalp: Dandruff can make the scalp more sensitive, which can make wearing certain hairstyles or using specific hair products unpleasant.
- Hair loss: Although it is uncommon, serious dandruff can occasionally result in hair loss.
The severity of dandruff symptoms can vary from person to person and may be influenced by factors such as age, gender, and underlying health conditions. Mild cases of dandruff may only cause minor itching and flaking, while more severe cases may lead to inflammation and require more aggressive treatment.
How do Dermatologists treat Dandruff?
Medicated shampoos and topical treatments are frequently combined by dermatologists to address dandruff. The specific course of action will rely on the level of dandruff, the person’s skin type, and their medical background.
- Salicylic acid: This component aids in hair exfoliation and the removal of dead skin cells.
- Coal tar: This component aids in reducing inflammation and slowing the development of skin cells on the scalp.
- Ketoconazole: This component, an antifungal substance, aids in the destruction of the yeast responsible for dandruff.
- Zinc pyrithione: This component aids in reducing flaking and limiting Malassezia development on the scalp.
- Selenium sulphide: This component aids in reducing inflammation and scalp skin cell formation.
To avoid dandruff coming back, it’s essential to keep your skin clean. This entails washing the hair and scalp frequently, staying away from harsh hair products, and reducing tension. A change in diet may also be advised in some circumstances to help control dandruff.
